Computer Basics #2 (Hardware)

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Computer is made up of software and hardware. By the combination of sofaware and hardware computer can work efficiently. Hardware can be divided into internal hardware (RAM,HDD,SSD,CPU,etc.) and external hardware (input or output devices). Internal components are needed for proper working if the computer, while other which are additionally attached to the computer for enhacing the computer functionality.

  1. Internal Components :

    2. Collectively stores data or process the instructions delivered by the program or operating system (OS), it includes :

  • Motherboard:

    • A printed circuit board which holds the processing unit (CPU) and other necessary internarl hardware is connected to motherboard.

  • Hard disk drive (HDD):

    • A physical device which stores temporary and permanent data in different formats such as video, photo, images, system files, OSes, etc .

  • Solid state drive (SSD):

    • Solid state drive also sotres data it functionality is same as hard disk but SSD is much faster than HDD. SSDs are based on NAND flash memory technology, they are non-volatile. SSDs store data safely even if computer is powered down.

  • Random Access Memory (RAM):

    • A memory used to execute programs. Programs are stored HDD or SSD but they are executed in RAM when opened.

  • Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):

    • A cheap based device which processes graphics data and even function as an extension to the main CPU.

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU):

    • All processing (calculations) of OS, softwares is done into CPU or processor, Ifo you have strong processor, cumputer will be faster at its processing power.

2. External Components :

These components are connected externally to the computer to control input/output functions. These type of devices are designed to provide instructions to the software (input) or get the results from it execution (output). So external components are divided into 2 types Input and Output devices.


Input Devices:
  • Mouse:

    • Mouse is a hand-held pointing devices, which handles the movement of the cursor around a computer.

  • Keyboard:

    • It contains a standard QUERTY keyset which enables users to input text, numbers or special characters.

  • Microphone:

    • A device which converts the sound waves into electrical signal and supports computer based audio communications.

  • Camera:

    • Captures visual images, streams them to the computer through a computer network.

  • Memory:

    • Portable external storage media, such as compact flash card, used to store media or data files.

  • USB Flash drive memory:

    • An external removable media storage device which uses flash memory and interfaces with a computer through a USB port.


    Output Devices:
  • Monitor:

    • A output similar to a TV screen which displays information, documents, images generated by computer.

  • Speaker:

    • External audio output device, connects to a computer to generate a sound output.

  • Printer:

    • Render electronic data from a computer into printed material.

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